According to the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership: Tasks are different Each type of task requires a different leadership style A good leader should be able to adapt their leadership style to the goals and tasks to be achieved.

The Code of Ethics for Pharmacy profession in Rwanda has been established in 2015 The Code of Ethics for Pharmacy profession is therefore a codification of a set of moral principles (Ethic) applicable to the pharmacy profession and of the moral principles governing or influencing conduct (Ethics) of pharmacy professionals

The relationship between the pharmacist and the patient is at the core of the provision of pharmaceutical care When pharmacists provide care, it is the individualized patient-centered care plan that keeps the pharmacist, the patient, and other care providers on track and informed about progress and change

This course aims to equip the learners with advanced knowledge, skills and behaviour in the field of Health Care mainly relating the causes of infectious diseases to the environment.

Pharmacy legislation is constantly being updated at National and international level, giving pharmacists a larger role in the health care field. The increase in the scope of pharmacy practices bring with it a lot of demand and need for compliance.

First aid is the initial care provided for an acute illness or injury.

Child deaths from leading infectious disease have declined rapidly, with immunization playing a critical role. Immunization is one of the most effective interventions against infectious diseases and is estimated to prevent 2-3 million deaths annually, with an additional 1.5 million deaths that could be averted with improvements in global vaccination coverage

Adolescence is a phase in an individual's life, rather than a fixed time period: It is a phase during which rapid physical and psychological growth and development occur. It is a phase in which there are enormous changes in social relationships, expectations, roles and responsibilities.

Health promotion is an important component of nursing practice • It is a way of thinking that revolves around a philosophy of wholeness ,wellness and well- being

Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a practical, evidence-based approach which prevents patients and health workers from being harmed by avoidable infection and as a result of antimicrobial resistance. No one should catch an infection while receiving health care that's why we must deliver clean, quality care for all, through IPC best practices.

Midwifery and nursing are distinct and complementary professions Each providing specialized knowledge and expertise Nurses and midwives can contribute to safe, satisfying experiences for the clients and families for whom they care

Abortion complications are among the major reasons women seek emergency obstetric care. Post abortion care (PAC) consists of emergency treatment for complications related to spontaneous or induced abortions, family planning and birth spacing counseling, and provision of family planning methods for the prevention of further mistimed or unplanned pregnancies that may result in repeat induced abortions.

Quality control is essential in building a successful business that delivers products that meet or exceed customers’ expectations. Where internal quality control monitors the daily precision and accuracy of methodologies, personnel, and instruments and external quality control maintains long term accuracy.

Biosafety is complementary to biosecurity, and refers to the implementation of laboratory practices and procedures, specific construction features of laboratory facilities, safety equipment, and appropriate occupational health programs when working with potentially infectious microorganisms and other biological hazards. What are measures designed to reduce the exposure of laboratory personnel, the public, agriculture, and the environment to potentially infectious agents and other biological hazards? Enroll to this course and learn more. 

Normal course; Gradual improvement of activity and participation (3 weeks)

An histopathology laboratory avails a number of services that involve examining the tissues and ultimately detect diseases. The complete range of services offered by laboratories include techniques like necropsy to sophisticated histological processing, as well as expert evaluation by pathologists.

Aim to regain previous ability to perform activities of daily living and fulfil social roles Rehabilitation is similar to the “Building Construction Process” It requires an interdisciplinary team dealing with various tasks of the same building development.

Good infection prevention and control is essential to ensure the safety of the patient undergoing any surgical procedure in the operating theater. What must be done? Get answers by enrolling to this course.

Chiari malformation: part of the cerebellum extends below the foramen magnum and into the upper spinal canal. Hydrocephalus: Also called fluid on the brain, this is an excessive build up of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) caused by impaired circulation of the CSF. spina bifida

Three-dimensional and structural abnormality consisting of spinal deformities in the sagittal, coronal and frontal planes. This deformity is characterized by lateral curvature of the spine and it is always accompanied by some degrees of vertebral rotation

Unhealthy diets and the resulting malnutrition are major drivers of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) around the world. What is the diet to be taken to prevent NCDs? Get answers by learning this course.

In 1952, A Swedish Professor Per-Ingvar Branemark, while conducting a research into the healing patterns of bone tissue, accidentally discovered that when pure titanium comes into direct contact with the living bone tissue, the two literally grow together to form a permanent biological adhesion.

Basic Life Support, or BLS, generally refers to the type of care that first-responders, healthcare providers and public safety professionals provide to anyone who is experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory distress or an obstructed airway. It requires knowledge and skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using automated external defibrillators (AED) and relieving airway obstructions in patients of every age.

Behavior change in psychology is any alteration or adjustment of behavior that affects a patient's functioning, brought about by psychotherapeutic or other interventions or occurring spontaneously. What are different methods that can be used? Enroll to this course and learn more.

WHO and UNICEF introduced Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) in the mid-1990s as a strategy to improve child survival in countries More than 40 deaths per 1000 live births

Worldwide, the incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia varies country to country, and it is estimated that it affects between 2% and 10% of pregnancies every year.

Medical imaging guides the course of much of patient care and is an essential element of biomedical research (EIBIR, 2019). Imaging in the medical context refers to different technologies using ionizing (plain x-rays, computerized tomography (CT), Nuclear medicine Procedures / positron emission tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), along with other imaging investigations)

This course is intended to equip the trainee (health care professional in practices) with knowledge contributing to the understanding and analysis of main concepts of ethics and enhancement of the abilities to address ethical challenges in health care.

The name Malaria is delivered from an Italian word Mal- Bad Aria- Air Human Malaria is caused by one of the protozoan parasites 1. Plasmodium Falciparum 2. Plasmodium Vivax 3. Plasmodium Malariae 4. Plasmodium Ovale 5. Plasmodium Knowlesi

Brace (orthotic) treatment for scoliosis is used to prevent spinal curve progression and to maintain a more normal appearance of the back. The goal of brace treatment is to prevent the curve from getting worse. But bracing does not correct a curve.

Physiological changes in the first half of pregnancy are considered “maternal anabolic” changes because they build the capacity of the mother’s body to deliver relatively large quantities of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the fetus in the second half of pregnancy

Your baby is about to go through an amazing growth spurt. In their first year, babies triple their birth weight. To grow that much, they need a lot of nutrients -- more than at any other time in their life

After childbirth, new mums begin a new stage in their lives: the postpartum period or what we sometimes call “the fourth trimester”.

The force of blood against the wall of the arteries. Systolic means the pressure while the heart beats. Diastolic pressure is measured as the heart relaxes. Normal Blood pressure is less than 130 mm Hg systolic and less than 85 mm Hg diastolic. 130/85 mm Hg

The kidneys remove wastes and extra water from the blood and make urine. To keep the body working properly, the kidneys balance the salts and minerals—such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium—that circulate in the blood.

All macronutrients (i.e. proteins, carbohydrates and fats) are metabolized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water in the presence of oxygen. The ratio of CO2 produced to oxygen consumed is referred to as the ‘respiratory quotient’ (RQ)

This course provides professionals with skills on how to plan and coordinate comprehensive nutrition care involved in the health facility to help patients to recover.

OUR BODY is synthesized from the food we eat. Our body is made of a complex structure of cells, tissues and organs. How does this change from food to our body structure occur? All the changes that occur in the food from the time we eat it, to its use in the body and discarding of the waste matter are known as metabolism. One can describe metabolism of each nutrient separately to ensure ease of understanding. But actually it occurs in a correlated systematic manner.

The management of many diseases requires drug therapy, frequently involving the use of multiple drugs Food-drug interactions can change the effects of drugs, and the therapeutic effects or side effects of medication can affect the nutrition status of an individual

Foods containing carbohydrate from whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat milk should be included in a healthy diet. With regard to the glycemic effects of carbohydrates, the total amount of carbohydrate in meals or snacks is more important .

Carbohydrates are macronutrients, meaning they are one of the three main ways the body obtains energy. Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products.

This course is prepared for the purpose for the professionals to be able to understand the association between nutrition and cardiovascular diseases.

72 million people in the US age 20 and older have high blood pressure, or 1 in 4. One-third of people are unaware they have hypertension.

This course will provide practical tips and information for writing grant applications, which can be applied to grant applications of all sorts, from fellowships to large funding applications. It will equip the beginners and expert in latest skills and strategies  for a successful grant writing  and  application. 

Understanding the basic physics of ultrasound is essential for health professionals who perform ultrasound in their daily duties. Ultrasound machines generate and receive ultrasound waves. Brightness mode (B mode) is the basic mode that is usually used.

Cancer is not a single disease. And there is no single way to talk about it, whether the conversation is taking place around the family dinner table or roaring across the television screen. But some ways of thinking and talking about cancer can be more helpful than others. Learn this course and know more about cancer management.

Current evidences are concluding that cancer is becoming an increasing burden to the population in the management of cancer whole world in general (Hiroki Nagai, etal, 2017). Malaria and Tuberculosis killed about 1 million and 1.7 million people respectively, while cancer alone killed 3.5 million people in 2002 and it is increasing at hi.

Drug resistance surveillance has not been widely done, with only 22 of the 46 countries reporting drug resistance data by 2005; • Tuberculosisis a major global health problem (Lukoye et al., 2015).

To ensure that patients receive the best healthcare , their clinical management and treatment need to be informed by the current best evidence of effectiveness. When decisions that affect the care of the patients are taken with due weight accorded to all valid , relevant information

A successful mitigation strategy for preventing exposure and transmission of COVID-19 requires the cooperation and compliance of all pharmacy staff. What Pharmacists are supposed to do while they are caring for a COVID-19 patient? You will find answers by enrolling to this course.

Injury, overuse or conditions causing inflammation involving any of the bones, ligaments or tendons in the foot can cause foot pain that can lead to any foot disorder. Enroll to this course and learn different foot disorders and their orthotic treatments.

The word hepatitis comes from the Ancient Greek word hepar (root word hepat) meaning 'liver', and The Latin itis meaning inflammation(redness, warmth, swelling, and pain as a result of infection, irritation, or injury).

Climate  Is traditionally defined as the description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant atmos pheric variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind

Knowledge management solution allows healthcare providers to document and share symptoms, treatments, and any other information that may be helpful, all while keeping the patient anonymous. This way, potentially life-saving knowledge is not off-limits, and patient privacy remains protected.

The world today is faced with more complex challenges that require a multi- disciplinary approach towards their mitigation.

Risk communication entails the systematic dissemination of information to diverse audiences facilitating their informed, independent decision making about the existence, nature, and/or severity of risks and hazards affecting health and safety.

The word epidemiology comes from the Greek words epi, meaning on or upon, demos, meaning people, and logos, meaning the study of. In other words, the word epidemiology has its roots in the study of what befalls a population.

Ideally, epidemiologic results guide sample collection – Often collected at the same time • Can support epidemiologic findings – Positive or negative results can be misleading

Although health services and modern medicine are impressively improving, • Nowadays, people are neither necessarily happier with health services they receive nor healthier in mind and body.

Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. How to make your methodology section to allow the reader to critically evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability? Enroll now to this course and get answers.

The basic recommended guidelines for a healthy diet and good nutrition for weight loss include the following: Reducing the number of calories in the daily diet. Eating smaller portions as part of the diet. Tracking meal composition, portion sizes, and nutritional content of the diet. Learn more by enrolling to this course.

Exercise is helpful for weight loss and maintaining weight loss. Exercise can increase metabolism, or how many calories you burn in a day. It can also help you maintain and increase lean body mass, which also helps increase number of calories you burn each day. What are exercises to do to lose weight? Enroll to this course and learn more.

The diabetic retinopathy is a diabetes complication that affects eyes. It's caused by damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina). At first, diabetic retinopathy might cause no symptoms or only mild vision problems.

Poor emotional health can weaken your body's immune system. This makes you more likely to get colds and other infections during emotionally difficult times. Also, when you are feeling stressed, anxious, or upset, you may not take care of your health as well as you should. How to manage your emotions? Enroll to this course and learn more.

Social pathology is a study of social problems (such as crime or alcoholism) that views them as diseased conditions of the social organism. Even though main social pathologies appear to be universally occurring in all societies; they may vary in terms of scale and all societies face such kinds of social problems.

Cervical spondylosis is a general term for age-related wear and tear affecting the spinal disks in your neck. As the disks dehydrate and shrink, signs of osteoarthritis develop, including bony projections along the edges of bones (bone spurs). Cervical spondylosis is very common and worsens with age.

Les reins ont pour fonction principale l’élimination des déchets produits par les protéines alimentaires et la régulation de l’eau et du sel contenus dans l’organisme. Leur fonction est puissante et permet de s’adapter à des situations d’apports très variables selon les populations (insuffisance ou excès alimentaires) et les conditions climatiques (été-hiver). Pour diminuer la production d’urée et les symptômes d’empoisonnement du sang pour les patients porteurs d'une maladie rénale modérée à sévère, une diminution des apports alimentaires en protéines est recommandée.

L'hypertension est caractérisée par une pression anormalement élevée du sang sur les parois des artères. Le diagnostic est généralement suivi d'un traitement médicamenteux auquel il est bon d'ajouter un régime alimentaire spécifique. Le régime contre l'hypertension artérielle, ou régime dash, va surtout consister à réduire l'apport en sel et à maintenir un équilibre alimentaire adéquat afin d'éviter la prise de poids et les accidents cardiovasculaires.

La recherche suggère qu'une forte consommation d'aliments hautement transformés peut accélérer le déclin de la fonction pulmonaire; alors qu'un régime riche en fibres permettrait de limiter les risques de maladies pulmonaires, notamment la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive et d'améliorer le bien-être respiratoire.

Pendant l'allaitement, vous êtes submergée de conseils nutritionnels. Certains vous disent que vous avez besoin de certains aliments pour produire suffisamment de lait, d'autres vous avertissent que certains aliments peuvent conduire le bébé à refuser le sein, d'autres encore affirment que certains de vos aliments peuvent être mauvais pour le bébé ou réduire votre production. Comment s'y retrouver parmi toutes ces informations? Apprenez ce cours pour savoir quel aliments à choisir lorsqu'on allaite.

Le paludisme est une maladie infectieuse potentiellement mortelle due à plusieurs espèces de parasites appartenant au genre Plasmodium. Le parasite est transmis à l’homme par la piqûre de moustiques infectés. Ces moustiques, « vecteurs » du paludisme, appartiennent tous au genre Anopheles

Dans le domaine de la santé, l’éthique est un questionnement permanent qui vise à déterminer comment agir au mieux, dans le respect des personnes. Elle nécessite une réflexion collective pour aboutir à des choix ajustés et raisonnables, encadrés par la loi et résultant de l’étude de diverses possibilités. Apprenez ce cours pour en savoir plus.

Before conducting a purpose research, as a researcher we are advising to know the following tips of conducting a research for your success. this course has planned in collaboration with specialist in research. we hope it will be more helpful for you.

One Health' is an approach to designing and implementing programs, policies, legislation and research in which multiple sectors communicate and work together to achieve better public health outcomes. The areas of work in which a One Health approach is particularly relevant include food safety, the control of zoonoses (diseases that can spread between animals and humans, such as flu, rabies and Rift Valley Fever), and combating antibiotic resistance (when bacteria change after being exposed to antibiotics and become more difficult to treat).One Health is dedicated to improving the lives of all species, human and animal ,through the integration of human medicine, veterinary medicine and environmental science

Currently, there are no universally accepted guidelines for minimizing radiation exposure in the operating room. But for reducing radiation exposure, there are 3 principals: time, distance, and shielding. Enroll to this course and learn more.

The steps of the diagnostic process fall into three broad categories: Initial Diagnostic Assessment – Patient history, physical exam, evaluation of the patient's chief complaint and symptoms, forming a differential diagnosis, and ordering of diagnostic tests. Enroll to this course to learn more about diagnosis before medical examinations.

Tumor markers are biomarkers found in the blood, urine, or body tissues that can be elevated by the presence of one or more types of cancer. There are many different tumor markers, each indicative of a particular disease process, and they are used in oncology to help detect the presence of cancer.

Early Childhood Caries is defined as the presence of one or more decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries) or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a preschool-age child between birth and 71 months of age

This course will help anesthetists to learn how they can safely and effectively manage pain from surgery, injury, labor, or chronic conditions. Learn about different services in pain management, including the types of pain and how they can be treated.

La déshydratation traduit un manque d'eau dans l’organisme: soit les pertes en eau sont anormalement importantes (fièvre, canicule, vomissements, diarrhées, activité intense, surdosage en diurétiques, diabète, etc.). Soit le principal intéressé a tout simplement oublié de boire (apports insuffisants), parce qu'il est pris dans son jeu - ce qui est fréquent avec les enfants - ou parce qu'il ne ressent plus la soif, ce qui est le cas des seniors. Quelle qu'en soit la cause, une déshydratation peut avoir des conséquences graves si elle n'est pas rapidement corrigée. Elle peut même conduire au coma, voire au décès. Revenons sur les symptômes, les traitements et les meilleurs moyens de prevention.

Acute leukemia are clonal malignant hematopoietic disorders resulting from genetic alterations in normal hematopoietic stem cells. A blood test can suggest leukemia, but it usually takes a bone marrow test to confirm the diagnosis. As the disease progresses, leukemic cells accumulate in the bone marrow, blood, and organs, displacing normal progenitor cells and suppressing normal hematopoiesis. More about leukemia; learn this course and you will thank me later.

Biorisk management is the effective management of risks posed by working with infectious agents and toxins in laboratories; it includes a range of practices and procedures to ensure the biosecurity, ​biosafety, and biocontainment of those infectious agents and toxins. Biorisk management includes the full spectrum of safety and security measures for laboratories, from standard operating procedures to physical measures to individual practices in the laboratory.

Current and accurate information for patients about chest x-ray techniques shows if the abnormality needs further evaluation with additional views or with a special imaging technique. Enroll to this course and learn more.